Pollution Monitoring System using Wireless Sensor Network in Visakhapatnam

As the technology increase, the degree of automation (minimizing the man power) in the almost all sectors are also increases. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are gaining the ground in all sectors of life; from homes to factories, from traffic control to environmental monitoring. The air pollution monitoring system contains sensors to monitor the interested pollution parameter in environment. We simulated the three air pollutants gases including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide & sulphur dioxide in air because these gases decides the degree of pollution level. We can also apply the approach in various applications like leaking cooking gas in our homes, to alert the workers in oil & gas industry to detect the leakage etc. This simulation creates the awareness in people in cities. Keywords— Zigbee , Xbee ,WSN, Pollution Node ,ADC I. LITERATURE SURVEY Due to recent technological advances, the construction material for small and low cost sensors became technically and economically feasible. Even though, Industrialization increase the degree of automation and at the same time it increases the air pollution by releasing the unwanted gases in environment especially in industrial areas like visakhapatnam. Inorder to implement the project, we selected four areas to deploy the pplication in visakhapatnam. To detect percentage of pollution ,we used the array of sensor to measure gas quantity in the physical environment in surrounding the sensor and convert them into an electrical signals for processing. Such a signal reveals some properties about interested gas molecule. A huge number of these sensors nodes can be networked in many applications that require unattended operations creates a wireless sensor network. Wireless sensors are devices that range in size from a piece of glitter to a deck of cards. Integration of various components create the air pollution monitoring system.. They are functionally composed of: A Sensing unit that is designed and programmed to sense gas pollutants in air in four busy areas in visakhapatnam. Some common examples of properties or parameters that are monitored are light, temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. a converter that transforms the sensed signal from an analog to a digital signal; A Processing Unit in the Microcontroller, process the signals sensed form sensor with help of embedded memory , operating system and associated circuitary. A Radio component that can communicate the sink node or zigbee router which collects the sensed pollution gas level from sensor node and forwards to pollution server which is in our campus. Powering these components is typically one or two small batteries. There are also wireless sensors utilized in applications that use a fixed value, wired power source and do not use batteries as a power source. In an external environment where the power source is batteries, wireless sensors are placed in an area of interest that is to be monitored, either in a random or known fashion. The sensors self-organize themselves in a radio network using a routing algorithm, monitor the area for measure the gas levels in air , and transmit the data to a central node, sometimes called a pollution server or base station (interfaced with coordinator), or sink node(interfaced with router), that collects the data from all of the sensors. This node may be the same as the other detection nodes, or because of its increased requirements, may be a more sophisticated sensor node with increased power. The most advantage of wireless sensors is that they may be implemented in an environment for extended over a time period, continuously detecting the environment, without the need for human interaction or operation.